a. DO NOT drink—
(1) Urine.
(2) Fish juices.
(3) Blood.
(4) Sea water.
(5) Alcohol.
(6) Melted water from new sea ice.
b. Water sources:
(1) Surface water (streams, lakes, and springs).
(2) Precipitation (rain, snow, dew, sleet) (FigureVII-1).
(3) Subsurface (wells and cisterns).
(4) Ground water (when no surface water is available) (Figure VII-2).
[a] - Abundance of lush green vegetation.
[b] - Drainages and low-lying areas.
[c] - “V” intersecting game trails often point to water.
[d] - Presence of swarming insects indicates water is near.
[e] - Bird flight in the early morning or late afternoon might indicate the direction to water.
(5) Snow or ice.
[a] - DO NOT eat ice or snow. Lowers body temperature. Induces dehydration. Causes minor cold injury to lips and mouth.
Figure VII-1. Water Procurement
Figure VII-2. Water Indicators
[b] - Melt with fire. Stir frequently to prevent damaging container. Speed the process by adding hot rocks or water.
[c] - Melt with body heat. Use waterproof container. Place between layers of clothing. DO NOT place next to the skin.
[d] - Use a water generator (Figure VII-3).
Figure VII-3. Water Generator
(6) Open seas.
[a] - Water available in survival kits.
[b] - Precipitation. Drink as much as possible. Catch rain in spray shields and life raft covers. Collect dew off raft.
[c] - Old sea ice or icebergs (Table VII-1).
Table VII-1. Old Sea Ice or Icebergs
(7) Tropical areas.
[a] - All open sources previously mentioned.
[b] - Vegetation. Plants with hollow sections can collect moisture. · Leaning Tree. Cloth absorbs rain running down tree and drips into container (Figure VII-4).
Figure VII-4. Leaning Tree
Figure VII-5 A and B. Water Vines and Green Bamboo
Figure VII-6. Beach Well
(8) Dry areas.
[a] - Solar still (Figure VII-7).
[b] - Vegetation bag (Figure VII-8).
Figure VII-7. Solar Still
Figure VII-8. Vegetation Bag
[c] - Transpiration bag (Figure VII-9). Water bag must be clear. Water will taste like the plant smells.
[d] - Seepage basin (Figure VII-10).
Figure VII-9. Transpiration Bag
Figure VII-10. Seepage Basin
|
